The high population demands in Nepal place great stress on the environment. As a result, forests continue to be depleted, soil is eroded and water supply problems increase. However, Nepal is making progress in the field of conservation. Various alternative energy schemes are underway, most notably the hydroelectric project of Solu and the unit above Namche Bazaar. The Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP) is an innovative approach that incorporates alternative energy developments, forest conservation, environmental education and an effective strategy that involves the Nepali people in determining the course of their future.

Poverty is another challenge to conservation in Nepal. A poor farmer is far more concerned about subsistence issues than environmental issues. It is difficult to justify the need to set aside land for tigers and rhino to those living with the daily drudgery of poverty. Protected areas not only limit their own rapidly dwindling pastures but the wildlife in them often encroach on their crops, and generally make life even harder for them.

Nepal's wildly varying ecosystems support a vast range of vegetation and wildlife. This includes over 6,500 known species of trees, shrubs and wildflowers, more than 800 bird species (at nearly 10 per cent of the entire world's bird species, the figure is higher than that of Canada and the United States combined!), and a large number of reptiles and mammals.

There are several reasons for the tremendous diversity of plant and animal species found in Nepal. Its phenomenal topography contains ecological zones that in most other parts of the world, are separated by thousands of kilometers. Nepal's geographical location, climate, altitude and aspect all combine to make it a nature lover's paradiseuding some of the world's most exotic and endangered species. Due to increases in population. This all about the details information are taken from the " Attractions Of Nepal" guide book.

Annapurna conservation area (7629 sq.km):

This is the most popular trekking area in the mountain region. The area covers with a trekking circuit from mid hills 790 meter to the highest altitude 8091 meter of the Himalayas. Each year more then sixty thousands visitors trekkers trek or simply visit the area. Annapurna Conservation Area Project has been running its program in the area with an aim to integrate nature conservation and local community. This idea is looked up as a model project for conservation all over the world. Annapurna Conservation Project is the largest project of the king Mahendra Trust for nature conservation, a non profit making and non governmental organization. This is the area where you will see many examples of successful eco-tourism. Ghandruk can be your first experience where you will see the local have conserved ecology and at the same time have earned their livelihood through tourism. While climbing further from Ghandruk you will reach Ghorepani from where you can have a panoramic view of the annapurna range to the north. Equally eye-catching will be the jungle on this hill as rhododendrons blossom during spring every year. A part from the natural sites, the area is equally rich with flora fauna, innumerable sights of waterfalls, mountains, natural flowers and rural settlements.

Kanchanjunga Conservation  Area (2035 sq km):

The Kanchanjung Conservation area lies just below the looming mountain Kanchanjung (8586 m). The area is made up of alpine grasslands, rocky outcrops, dense temperate, sub- tropical forests and low river valleys. Situated in north-eastern Nepal in Taplejung district, the conservation area is bordered by the Tibet autonomous region( china) in the north, Sikkim(India) in the east and Sankhuwashbha district in the west. In 1998, the department of National parks and wildlife conservation and WWF Nepal program together launched the Kanchanjung conservation project to implement innovative programs that integrate bio diversity conservation and sustainable development. The Kanchanjung conservation area can be synonym zed as  a repository of flora and fauna.

Manaslu Conservation Area:

It is another important conservation area in the mountain region. Bordering the annapurna conservation area to the west and Tibetan plateau on the north and the east, the Manaslu region lies in the Gorkha district to the west of Kathmandu. Basically, it falls in a trekking area and the regions altitude rises from a mere 600 m to 8163 m the summit of mount Manaslu the eight highest peak in the world. The Manaslu eco-tourism project has been in operation in the region since 1997. The projects’s main object is to deliver various benefits from tourism to the local community while minimizing adverse environmental impacts through the development of eco tourism. The area offers a classic setting for trekkers. The trekking route in the region follows the Budi Gandaki river before reaching the larke pass(5106 m) and crossing in to the Manang district of the Annapurna conservation Area. The region is home to 29 speices of mammals including the elusive snow leopard, musk deer, and the Himalayan tahr. There are over twenty species of birds and 50 species of useful plants.

Makalu Barun Conservation Area (830 sq. km):

It is bordered in the west by Sankhuwasabha and Arun river in the east, the Nepal China border in the north and the Saune Danda (ridge) to the south. This conservation Area is Nepal’s only protected area with a strict nature area reserve. Stepping up the slopes are a series of vegetation zones starting with tropical sal forests below (1000 m)elevation, subtropical nettle wood, castanopsis forests at (1000-2000 m), fir, birch, rhododendron forests in the sub-alpine (3000-4000 m) and herbs, grasses and rhododendron, juniper shrubs in the alpine pastures (4000-5000 m). The endangerd red panda, Snow Leopard, Himalayan black bear, clouded leopard, Ghoral, Tahr, Wild boar, barking deer e.t.c.